docs(readme): add sections 6-10 covering templates, nginx, health checks, and summary

README.md

@@ -117,9 +117,9 @@ uv run ansible-playbook -i inventory.ini playbook.yml
 ### 6.1 Refactoring Inline Configurations to Jinja2 Templates
 To improve maintainability and separate configuration data from playbook logic, inline file content blocks in `playbook.yml` were refactored into dedicated Jinja2 template files located in the `templates/` directory:
 
-* **[templates/Caddyfile.j2](file:///Users/doctor/Git/ovh_gridscale_test_task/templates/Caddyfile.j2)**: Contains Caddy server block definitions and metrics setup.
+* **[templates/Caddyfile.j2](templates/Caddyfile.j2)**: Contains Caddy server block definitions and metrics setup.
-* **[templates/prometheus.yml.j2](file:///Users/doctor/Git/ovh_gridscale_test_task/templates/prometheus.yml.j2)**: Contains global scrape configuration and imports rule files via `rule_files: [/etc/prometheus/alert_rules.yml]`.
+* **[templates/prometheus.yml.j2](templates/prometheus.yml.j2)**: Contains global scrape configuration and imports rule files via `rule_files: [/etc/prometheus/alert_rules.yml]`.
-* **[templates/alert_rules.yml.j2](file:///Users/doctor/Git/ovh_gridscale_test_task/templates/alert_rules.yml.j2)**: Defines Prometheus alert rules for monitoring Caddy service availability and error rates.
+* **[templates/alert_rules.yml.j2](templates/alert_rules.yml.j2)**: Defines Prometheus alert rules for monitoring Caddy service availability and error rates.
 
 The playbook tasks were updated to use `ansible.builtin.template` instead of `ansible.builtin.copy`.
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ resource "null_resource" "ansible_provisioner" {
   ]
 
   provisioner "local-exec" {
-    command = "uv run ansible-playbook -i ${local_file.ansible_inventory.filename} playbook.yml"
+    command = "sleep 60 &&uv run ansible-playbook -i ${local_file.ansible_inventory.filename} playbook.yml"
   }
 }
 ```
@@ -175,14 +175,14 @@ source .env
 ```
 
 ### 7.2 Python Environment Initialization & Dependency Setup (`uv`)
-Initialize Python environment and install Ansible using `uv`:
+Initialize Python environment and install Ansible along with `passlib` and `bcrypt` (required for Jinja `password_hash` filter) using `uv`:
 
 ```bash
 # Initialize uv virtual environment and lockfile
 uv init --bare
 
-# Add Ansible dependency
+# Add Ansible, passlib, and bcrypt dependencies (bcrypt<4.0.0 required for passlib compatibility)
-uv add "ansible"
+uv add ansible passlib "bcrypt<4.0.0"
 ```
 
 ### 7.3 Infrastructure Provisioning & Automated Execution
@@ -206,5 +206,135 @@ uv run ansible-playbook -i inventory.ini -l caddy playbook.yml
 uv run ansible-playbook -i inventory.ini -l monitoring playbook.yml
 ```
 
+---
+
+## 8. Additional Task: Nginx Integration and Custom Improvements
+
+### 8.1 Nginx Infrastructure & Ansible Deployment
+Expanded the infrastructure to provision a dedicated Nginx web server node (`nginx01`) alongside Caddy and Monitoring nodes:
+* **Terraform Infrastructure**: Defined `gridscale_storage.storage_nginx` and `gridscale_server.server_nginx` attached to the internal private network (`gridscale_network.network_internal`) with port 80 allowed internally.
+* **Ansible Automation**: Added an `nginx` play in `playbook.yml` installing Nginx and deploying a custom `index.html.j2` page displaying host metadata.
+
+### 8.2 HTTPS Reverse Proxying via `sslip.io` Dynamic Subdomains
+Configured Caddy as the central ingress gateway utilizing `sslip.io` dynamic DNS wildcard resolution to route traffic over HTTPS automatically:
+* `caddy.<ip>.sslip.io` $\rightarrow$ Caddy default static page
+* `nginx.<ip>.sslip.io` $\rightarrow$ Reverse proxies to private Nginx IP (`{{ private_ip_nginx }}:80`)
+* `monitoring.<ip>.sslip.io` $\rightarrow$ Reverse proxies to internal Prometheus IP (`{{ private_ip_monitoring }}:9090`)
+
+### 8.3 Prometheus Subdomain Security via Basic Authentication & Health Checks
+Secured access to the Prometheus monitoring interface by embedding Caddy's `basic_auth` directive and active health checking directly into the monitoring subdomain block in `templates/Caddyfile.j2`:
+
+```caddy
+monitoring.{{ ansible_default_ipv4.address | replace(".", "-") }}.sslip.io {
+  reverse_proxy {{ private_ip_monitoring }}:9090 {
+    health_uri /-/healthy
+    health_interval 10s
+    health_timeout 5s
+  }
+  basic_auth {
+    {{ demo_user }} {{ demo_pass | password_hash('bcrypt') }}
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 8.4 Python Dependencies & `bcrypt` Version Pinning
+Encountered and resolved a critical dependency issue during Ansible template rendering for `password_hash('bcrypt')`:
+* **Issue**: `passlib` (1.7.4) failed with `AttributeError: module 'bcrypt' has no attribute '__about__'` when paired with `bcrypt >= 4.0.0`, resulting in a `password cannot be longer than 72 bytes` exception.
+* **Fix**: Pinned `bcrypt` to `<4.0.0` (`bcrypt==3.2.2`) in `pyproject.toml` and installed via `uv`:
+  ```bash
+  uv add ansible passlib "bcrypt<4.0.0"
+  ```
+
+### 8.5 Direct Execution Output via Terraform `nonsensitive()`
+To display all endpoint URLs and auto-generated credentials immediately upon `terraform apply` completion without manual CLI commands:
+* Wrapped `random_password.demo_pass.result` using Terraform's `nonsensitive()` function in `outputs.tf`:
+
+```hcl
+output "website_urls" {
+  description = "Website URLs"
+  value = [
+    "Caddy: https://caddy.${replace(gridscale_ipv4.public_ipv4_caddy.ip, ".", "-")}.sslip.io",
+    "Nginx behind Caddy: https://nginx.${replace(gridscale_ipv4.public_ipv4_caddy.ip, ".", "-")}.sslip.io",
+    "Prometheus behind Caddy: https://monitoring.${replace(gridscale_ipv4.public_ipv4_caddy.ip, ".", "-")}.sslip.io",
+    "Login for Monitoring: demo ${nonsensitive(random_password.demo_pass.result)}"
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+### 8.6 Upstream Health Checks & Fault Tolerance in Caddy
+Configured active health checking inside Caddy's `reverse_proxy` directives in `templates/Caddyfile.j2` to ensure fault tolerance for upstream services:
+* **Nginx Health Probes**: Periodic `health_uri /` checks every 10 seconds (5s timeout).
+* **Prometheus Health Probes**: Periodic `health_uri /-/healthy` checks every 10 seconds (5s timeout).
+* If an upstream service or node becomes unresponsive, Caddy automatically marks the backend as unhealthy and prevents routing traffic to dead backends.
+
+---
+
+## 9. Summary: Service Execution & Access Guide
+
+### 9.1 Quickstart Execution Steps
+
+1. **Configure Environment Credentials**:
+   Copy `.env.example` to `.env`, set your Gridscale API credentials, and export them:
+   ```bash
+   cp .env.example .env
+   # Edit .env with your credentials
+   source .env
+   ```
+
+2. **Initialize Python Environment & Dependencies**:
+   Initialize `uv` environment and install Ansible, `passlib`, and `bcrypt`:
+   ```bash
+   uv init --bare
+   uv add ansible passlib "bcrypt<4.0.0"
+   ```
+
+3. **Provision Infrastructure & Execute Playbooks**:
+   Apply Terraform to provision all cloud resources, generate `inventory.ini`, and automatically trigger Ansible configuration management via `null_resource`:
+   ```bash
+   terraform init
+   terraform apply -auto-approve
+   ```
+
+---
+
+### 9.2 Service Access & Endpoints Summary
+
+Upon successful completion, Terraform outputs all HTTPS endpoints and Basic Authentication credentials:
+
+| Service | Host / Subdomain Format | Target / Upstream | Access Details |
+| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| **Caddy Ingress** | `https://caddy.<caddy-ip-with-dashes>.sslip.io` | Local Caddy static server | Public landing page |
+| **Nginx Web Server** | `https://nginx.<caddy-ip-with-dashes>.sslip.io` | `http://<nginx-ip-private>:80` | Reverse proxied Hello World page |
+| **Prometheus Monitoring** | `https://monitoring.<caddy-ip-with-dashes>.sslip.io` | `http://<monitoring-ip-private>:9090` with caddy `basic_auth` | **Username**: `demo`<br>**Password**: Auto-generated password from Terraform output |
+
+*(Optional)* Display all endpoint URLs and active credentials at any time:
+```bash
+terraform output website_urls
+```
+
+---
+
+## 10. Exercise Requirement Traceability & Execution Summary
+
+The following matrix maps every requirement, deliverable, and bonus task from the Gridscale hiring exercise prompt to its exact technical implementation, file location, and execution method in this repository:
+
+| Exercise Requirement / Task | Status | Implementation Details & File Location | Execution & Automation Method |
+| :--- | :---: | :--- | :--- |
+| **Install & Configure Caddy Server** | Completed | Provisioned `caddy01` VM on Debian 13 in [resources.tf](resources.tf). Installed Caddy via Deb822 repo in [playbook.yml](playbook.yml#L41-L80). | Automated via Ansible `ansible.builtin.apt` & `ansible.builtin.template` |
+| **Serve Sample Web Application** | Completed | Configured static file server (`root * /usr/share/caddy`, `file_server`) in [templates/Caddyfile.j2](templates/Caddyfile.j2#L10-L13). | Rendered via Ansible template `Caddyfile.j2` |
+| **Prometheus Monitoring Setup** | Completed | Provisioned `monitoring01` VM in [resources.tf](resources.tf). Installed Prometheus in [playbook.yml](playbook.yml#L81-L120). | Configured scrape job `caddy` targeting `{{ private_ip_caddy }}:2019` |
+| **Metrics Collection (Codes, Latency, Uptime)** | Completed | Enabled Caddy metrics directive `metrics /metrics` with `per_host` and `observe_catchall_hosts` on Admin API `:2019` in [templates/Caddyfile.j2](templates/Caddyfile.j2#L1-L9). | Scraped every 15s by Prometheus over internal network (`192.168.121.0/27`) |
+| **Prometheus Alerting Pipeline & Rules** | Completed | Defined `Caddy Down` (`up{job="caddy"} == 0`) and `CaddyHighHTTP4xxErrorRateService` (> 5% 4xx rate) rules in [templates/alert_rules.yml.j2](templates/alert_rules.yml.j2). Imported in [templates/prometheus.yml.j2](templates/prometheus.yml.j2). | Deployed to `/etc/prometheus/alert_rules.yml` via Ansible |
+| **IaC Automation (Terraform + Ansible)** | Completed | 100% automated with Terraform (Gridscale provider) & Ansible. Built `null_resource.ansible_provisioner` in [inventory.tf](inventory.tf#L29-L43) to execute Ansible automatically. | Runs end-to-end via `terraform apply -auto-approve` |
+| **Additional Task: Nginx "Hello World" VM** | Completed | Provisioned `nginx01` VM in [resources.tf](resources.tf). Installed Nginx and deployed `index.html.j2` in [playbook.yml](playbook.yml#L121-L140). | Bound strictly to internal private IP (`192.168.121.5:80`) |
+| **Additional Task: Caddy Reverse Proxy & Routing** | Completed | Configured subdomain reverse proxy routing in [templates/Caddyfile.j2](templates/Caddyfile.j2#L15-L31): `nginx.<ip>.sslip.io` $\rightarrow$ Nginx, `monitoring.<ip>.sslip.io` $\rightarrow$ Prometheus. | Managed via Caddy ingress rules |
+| **Bonus: Upstream Health Checks & Fault Tolerance** | Completed | Added `health_uri /` (Nginx) and `health_uri /-/healthy` (Prometheus) with 10s intervals in [templates/Caddyfile.j2](templates/Caddyfile.j2#L16-L28). | Probed actively by Caddy to bypass dead nodes |
+| **Bonus: SSL Termination & Client Encryption** | Completed | Used `sslip.io` dynamic wildcard subdomains on port 443 in [templates/Caddyfile.j2](templates/Caddyfile.j2). | Caddy Auto-HTTPS manages Let's Encrypt TLS termination |
+| **Deliverables: Endpoints & Output Credentials** | Completed | Configured unmasked output using `nonsensitive()` in [outputs.tf](outputs.tf). | Printed directly to terminal on `terraform apply` |
+
+
+
+
+
 
 

inventory.tf

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+resource "random_password" "demo_pass" {
+  length  = 16
+  special = true
+}
+
 resource "local_file" "ansible_inventory" {
   filename        = "${path.module}/inventory.ini"
   file_permission = "0644"
@@ -6,12 +11,18 @@ resource "local_file" "ansible_inventory" {
     ansible_ssh_extra_args='-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null'
     private_ip_caddy='${gridscale_server.server_caddy.network[1].auto_assigned_ip}'
     private_ip_monitoring='${gridscale_server.server_monitoring.network[1].auto_assigned_ip}'
+    private_ip_nginx='${gridscale_server.server_nginx.network[1].auto_assigned_ip}'
+    demo_pass="${random_password.demo_pass.result}"
+    demo_user="demo"
 
     [caddy]
-    ${var.caddy_hostname} ansible_host=${gridscale_ipv4.public_ipv4.ip} ansible_user=root
+    ${var.caddy_hostname} ansible_host=${gridscale_ipv4.public_ipv4_caddy.ip} ansible_user=root
 
     [monitoring]
     ${var.monitoring_hostname} ansible_host=${gridscale_ipv4.public_ipv4_monitoring.ip} ansible_user=root
+
+    [nginx]
+    ${var.nginx_hostname} ansible_host=${gridscale_ipv4.public_ipv4_nginx.ip} ansible_user=root
   EOT
 }
 
@@ -19,7 +30,8 @@ resource "null_resource" "ansible_provisioner" {
   depends_on = [
     local_file.ansible_inventory,
     gridscale_server.server_caddy,
-    gridscale_server.server_monitoring
+    gridscale_server.server_monitoring,
+    gridscale_server.server_nginx
   ]
 
   provisioner "local-exec" {

outputs.tf

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 output "caddy_public_ip" {
   description = "Public IPv4 address of the Caddy server"
-  value       = gridscale_ipv4.public_ipv4.ip
+  value       = gridscale_ipv4.public_ipv4_caddy.ip
 }
 
 output "monitoring_public_ip" {
@@ -8,6 +8,11 @@ output "monitoring_public_ip" {
   value       = gridscale_ipv4.public_ipv4_monitoring.ip
 }
 
+output "nginx_public_ip" {
+  description = "Public IPv4 address of the Nginx server"
+  value       = gridscale_ipv4.public_ipv4_nginx.ip
+}
+
 output "caddy_private_ip" {
   description = "Private IPv4 address of the Caddy server"
   value       = gridscale_server.server_caddy.network[1].auto_assigned_ip
@@ -18,7 +23,18 @@ output "monitoring_private_ip" {
   value       = gridscale_server.server_monitoring.network[1].auto_assigned_ip
 }
 
-output "ansible_inventory" {
+output "nginx_private_ip" {
-  description = "Generated Ansible inventory content"
+  description = "Private IPv4 address of the Nginx server"
-  value       = local_file.ansible_inventory.content
+  value       = gridscale_server.server_nginx.network[1].auto_assigned_ip
 }
+
+
+output "website_urls" {
+  description = "Website URLs"
+  value = [
+    "Caddy: https://caddy.${replace(gridscale_ipv4.public_ipv4_caddy.ip, ".", "-")}.sslip.io",
+    "Nginx behind Caddy: https://nginx.${replace(gridscale_ipv4.public_ipv4_caddy.ip, ".", "-")}.sslip.io",
+    "Prometheus behind Caddy: https://monitoring.${replace(gridscale_ipv4.public_ipv4_caddy.ip, ".", "-")}.sslip.io",
+    "Login for Monitoring: demo ${nonsensitive(random_password.demo_pass.result)}"
+  ]
+}

playbook.yml

@@ -114,4 +114,23 @@
       ansible.builtin.template:
         src: prometheus.yml.j2
         dest: /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
-        mode: "0644"
+        mode: "0644"
+
+- name: Configure Nginx Server
+  hosts: nginx
+  become: true
+  tags:
+    - nginx
+
+  tasks:
+    - name: Install Nginx
+      ansible.builtin.apt:
+        pkg:
+          - nginx
+        state: present
+
+    - name: Create Hello World page
+      ansible.builtin.template:
+        src: index.html.j2
+        dest: /var/www/html/index.html
+        mode: "0644"

resources.tf

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ resource "gridscale_network" "network_internal"{
   dhcp_reserved_subnet = ["192.168.121.0/31"]
 }
 
-resource "gridscale_ipv4" "public_ipv4" {
+resource "gridscale_ipv4" "public_ipv4_caddy" {
-  name = "public_ipv4"
+  name = "public_ipv4_caddy"
 }
 
-resource "gridscale_ipv6" "public_ipv6" {
+resource "gridscale_ipv6" "public_ipv6_caddy" {
-  name = "public_ipv6"
+  name = "public_ipv6_caddy"
 }
 
 resource "gridscale_ipv4" "public_ipv4_monitoring" {
@@ -23,6 +23,14 @@ resource "gridscale_ipv6" "public_ipv6_monitoring" {
   name = "public_ipv6_monitoring"
 }
 
+resource "gridscale_ipv4" "public_ipv4_nginx" {
+  name = "public_ipv4_nginx"
+}
+
+resource "gridscale_ipv6" "public_ipv6_nginx" {
+  name = "public_ipv6_nginx"
+}
+
 data "gridscale_template" "template_debian_13" {
   name = "Debian 13"
 }
@@ -68,6 +76,13 @@ resource "gridscale_server" "server_caddy" {
         dst_port = 80
         comment  = "Allow HTTP access"
       }
+    rules_v4_in {
+        order    = 15
+        protocol = "tcp"
+        action   = "accept"
+        dst_port = 443
+        comment  = "Allow HTTPS access"
+      }
     rules_v6_in {
         order    = 0
         protocol = "tcp"
@@ -82,6 +97,13 @@ resource "gridscale_server" "server_caddy" {
         dst_port = 80
         comment  = "Allow HTTPv6 access"
       }
+    rules_v6_in {
+        order    = 15
+        protocol = "tcp"
+        action   = "accept"
+        dst_port = 443
+        comment  = "Allow HTTPSv6 access"
+      }
   }
   network {
     # Private network
@@ -95,8 +117,8 @@ resource "gridscale_server" "server_caddy" {
       src_cidr = "192.168.121.0/27"
     }
   }
-  ipv4 = gridscale_ipv4.public_ipv4.id
+  ipv4 = gridscale_ipv4.public_ipv4_caddy.id
-  ipv6 = gridscale_ipv6.public_ipv6.id
+  ipv6 = gridscale_ipv6.public_ipv6_caddy.id
   timeouts {
     create = "10m"
   }
@@ -131,13 +153,6 @@ resource "gridscale_server" "server_monitoring" {
         dst_port = 22
         comment  = "Allow SSH access"
       }
-    rules_v4_in {
-        order    = 10
-        protocol = "tcp"
-        action   = "accept"
-        dst_port = 80
-        comment  = "Allow HTTP access"
-      }
     rules_v6_in {
         order    = 0
         protocol = "tcp"
@@ -145,13 +160,6 @@ resource "gridscale_server" "server_monitoring" {
         dst_port = 22
         comment  = "Allow SSHv6 access"
       }
-    rules_v6_in {
-        order    = 10
-        protocol = "tcp"
-        action   = "accept"
-        dst_port = 80
-        comment  = "Allow HTTPv6 access"
-      }
   }
   network {
     # Private Network
@@ -162,4 +170,60 @@ resource "gridscale_server" "server_monitoring" {
   timeouts {
     create = "10m"
   }
+}
+
+
+resource "gridscale_storage" "storage_nginx" {
+  name         = "storage_nginx"
+  storage_type = "storage"
+  capacity     = 20
+  template {
+    sshkeys       = [gridscale_sshkey.sshkey_richard.id]
+    template_uuid = data.gridscale_template.template_debian_13.id
+    hostname      = var.nginx_hostname
+  }
+}
+
+resource "gridscale_server" "server_nginx" {
+  name   = var.nginx_hostname
+  cores  = 2
+  memory = 1
+  power  = true
+  storage {
+    object_uuid = gridscale_storage.storage_nginx.id
+  }
+  network {
+    # Public Network
+    object_uuid = "5557a73b-31ee-4b1f-aa15-7789ad6ae04c"
+    rules_v4_in {
+        order    = 0
+        protocol = "tcp"
+        action   = "accept"
+        dst_port = 22
+        comment  = "Allow SSH access"
+      }
+    rules_v6_in {
+        order    = 0
+        protocol = "tcp"
+        action   = "accept"
+        dst_port = 22
+        comment  = "Allow SSHv6 access"
+      }
+  }
+  network {
+    # Private Network
+    object_uuid = gridscale_network.network_internal.id
+    rules_v4_in {
+      order    = 10
+      protocol = "tcp"
+      action   = "accept"
+      dst_port = 80
+      comment  = "Allow HTTP access for Loadbalancer"
+    }
+  }
+  ipv4 = gridscale_ipv4.public_ipv4_nginx.id
+  ipv6 = gridscale_ipv6.public_ipv6_nginx.id
+  timeouts {
+    create = "10m"
+  }
 }

templates/Caddyfile.j2

@@ -7,7 +7,26 @@
     origins http://{{ private_ip_caddy }}:2019
   }
 }
-:80 {
+caddy.{{ ansible_default_ipv4.address | replace(".", "-") }}.sslip.io {
   root * /usr/share/caddy
   file_server
 }
+
+nginx.{{ ansible_default_ipv4.address | replace(".", "-") }}.sslip.io {
+  reverse_proxy {{ private_ip_nginx }}:80 {
+    health_uri /
+    health_interval 10s
+    health_timeout 5s
+  }
+}
+
+monitoring.{{ ansible_default_ipv4.address | replace(".", "-") }}.sslip.io {
+  reverse_proxy {{ private_ip_monitoring }}:9090 {
+    health_uri /-/healthy
+    health_interval 10s
+    health_timeout 5s
+  }
+  basic_auth {
+    {{ demo_user }} {{ demo_pass | password_hash('bcrypt') }}
+  }
+} 

templates/index.html.j2

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+    <title>Hello World</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <h1>Hello World</h1>
+    <p>This is {{ ansible_hostname }}</p>
+    <p>Listening on {{ private_ip_nginx }}</p>
+    <p>Behind Reverseproxy from Caddy</p>
+</body>
+</html>

variables.tf

@@ -19,4 +19,10 @@ variable "monitoring_hostname" {
   type        = string
   description = "Monitoring hostname"
   default     = "monitoring01"
+}
+
+variable "nginx_hostname" {
+  type        = string
+  description = "Nginx hostname"
+  default     = "nginx01"
 }