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feat: Replace aCAPTCHA with official ALTCHA (altcha.org) Proof-of-Work web component widget

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# ALTCHA
ALTCHA is a self-hosted, privacy-first security solution that protects your websites, APIs, and online services from spam and abuse through an innovative proof-of-work mechanism. Unlike traditional CAPTCHAs that depend on intrusive methods like cookies or fingerprinting, ALTCHA delivers robust protection while respecting user privacy.
ALTCHA is fully compliant with:
- **Global privacy regulations**: GDPR, HIPAA, CCPA, PIPEDA/CPPA, LGPD, DPDPA, and PIPL
- **Accessibility standards**: [WCAG 2.2 AA-level](https://altcha.org/docs/v2/compliance/wcag/) and the [European Accessibility Act](https://altcha.org/docs/v2/compliance/european-accessibility-act-2025/)
For more details, visit [altcha.org](https://altcha.org).
## Playground
Want to see it in action? Visit the official ALTCHA Playground to experiment with widget configurations, fine-tune the Proof-of-Work (PoW) settings, and see how the security mechanisms hold up in real-time.
[Open ALTCHA Playground](https://playground.altcha.org)
## Features
- **Frictionless Experience**: Eliminates frustrating visual puzzles by using background **Proof-of-Work (PoW)** for a seamless user journey.
- **Hardware-Resistant Security**: Leverages **Argon2 and Scrypt** memory-bound algorithms to neutralize hardware acceleration (ASICs/GPUs) and sophisticated bot farms.
- **Accessible Code Challenges**: Provides "Enter code from image" fallbacks with built-in **audio support** for visually impaired users.
- **Privacy by Design**: Fully **GDPR compliant** and cookie-free—no tracking, no fingerprinting, and no data collection.
- **Universal Accessibility**: Engineered to exceed **WCAG 2.2 AA** standards, ensuring compliance with the **European Accessibility Act (EAA)**.
- **Lightweight**: Minimal footprint, optimized for rapid page loads and high-performance environments.
- **100% Self-Hosted**: Maintain full sovereignty over your infrastructure with no reliance on third-party API availability.
## What’s New in v3
- **Next-Gen PoW**: Significant performance gains and reduced CPU overhead through an optimized verification mechanism.
- **Advanced Bot Defense**: Native support for **Argon2 and Scrypt**, raising the cost of attack for automated scripts and specialized hardware.
- **Modern UI**: Refined styling options, including a suite of new built-in themes and improved CSS custom property support.
- **Developer Experience**: Improved TypeScript support and streamlined integration.
### Migrating from v2
See [MIGRATION-v2.md](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha/blob/v3/MIGRATION-v2.md).
## Examples
Explore starter templates for popular frameworks:
- [React](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-starter-react-ts)
- [Vue](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-starter-vue-ts)
- [Svelte](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-starter-svelte-ts)
- [Solid](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-starter-solid-ts)
- [Lit](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-starter-lit-ts)
- [Angular](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-starter-angular)
## Server Integrations
- [TypeScript](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib)
- [Dart](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-dart)
- [PHP](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-php)
- [Go](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-go)
- [Python](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-py)
- [Java](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-java)
- [Ruby](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-rb)
- [Elixir](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-ex)
- [Rust](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-rs)
- [C++](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha-lib-cpp)
## Plugins & CMS
- [Libraries and plugins](https://altcha.org/docs/v2/libraries/)
## Usage
The ALTCHA widget is distributed as a **Web Component**.
### 1. Install ALTCHA
```sh
npm install altcha
```
Import in your main file:
```js
import 'altcha';
```
Or load via `<script>` tag:
```html
<script async defer src="/altcha.js" type="module"></script>
```
### 2. Add `<altcha-widget>` to Your Forms
```html
<form>
<altcha-widget challenge="https://..."></altcha-widget>
</form>
```
See [configuration options](#configuration) or the [website integration docs](https://altcha.org/docs/v2/widget-integration).
### 3. Integrate with Your Server
Refer to the [server documentation](https://altcha.org/docs/v2/server-integration) for implementation details.
## Supported Browsers
ALTCHA works on modern browsers with **Web Crypto API** support (specifically `crypto.subtle` - [caniuse.com](https://caniuse.com/?search=subtle)).
**Supported**:
- Chrome 67+ (desktop & Android)
- Edge 79+
- Firefox 63+ (desktop & Android)
- Safari 11+ (macOS & iOS)
- Any browser supporting Web Components + Web Crypto
**Not Supported**:
- Internet Explorer 11 (or older)
## Bundle Size
ALTCHA is optimized for performance:
| Distribution | Size (GZIPped) |
| ---------------------------- | -------------- |
| ALTCHA | 34 kB |
| ALTCHA with all translations | 52 kB |
| Cloudflare Turnstile | 85+ kB |
| hCaptcha | 250+ kB |
| reCAPTCHA | 300+ kB |
When GZIPped, it totals about 34 kB, making ALTCHA’s widget about ~90% smaller than reCAPTCHA.
## Content Security Policy (CSP)
The default bundle includes styles and workers in a single file. For strict CSP compliance, use scripts from `/dist/external`. Learn more in the [documentation](https://altcha.org/docs/v2/widget-integration).
## Configuration
### Programmatic Configuration
The widget provides a global `$altcha` object to manage defaults, register new algorithms, or add custom translations.
To update an existing widget instance, use the `.configure()` [method](). This is the preferred way to handle complex objects or functions that cannot be passed via HTML attributes.
```ts
// Set defaults for all future widget instances:
$altcha.defaults.set({
challenge: 'https://api.example.com/challenge',
debug: true
});
// Update a specific instance dynamically:
const widget = document.querySelector('altcha-widget');
widget.configure({
workers: 2,
language: 'fr'
});
```
### Attribute Configuration
For simple implementations, the widget supports a subset of configuration options directly as HTML attributes. For more advanced properties, use the programmatic approach above.
**Supported Attributes:**
```html
<altcha-widget
auto="off"
challenge="https://api.example.com/challenge"
configuration='{"minDuration": 1000}'
display="standard"
language="en"
name="altcha"
theme="default"
type="checkbox"
workers="4"
></altcha-widget>
```
> [!TIP]
> The `configuration` attribute accepts a JSON-encoded string, allowing you to pass complex settings directly in your HTML markup.
### Core Settings
- **`name`**: The `name` attribute of the hidden input field containing the payload. (Default: `"altcha"`)
- **`challenge`**: The challenge data or the URL to fetch a new challenge from.
- **`type`**: Visual style of the interaction element (`'native'`, `'checkbox'`, or `'switch'`).
- **`language`**: The ISO alpha-2 language code for localization (requires corresponding i18n file).
- **`workers`**: The number of Web Workers to spawn for proof-of-work calculations.
### Automation & Timing
- **`auto`**: Determines when verification triggers automatically (`'off'`, `'onfocus'`, `'onload'`, or `'onsubmit'`).
- **`minDuration`**: The minimum verification time in milliseconds; adds an artificial delay if the PoW is faster. (Default: `500`)
- **`retryOnOutOfMemoryError`**: Automatically attempts to restart verification with fewer workers if the browser runs out of memory (Argon2 and Scrypt only).
### UI & Display
- **`display`**: The visual layout mode (`'standard'`, `'bar'`, `'floating'`, `'overlay'`, or `'invisible'`).
- **`barPlacement`**: Vertical position of the widget when `display` is set to `bar` (`'bottom'` or `'top'`).
- **`hideLogo`**: Hides the ALTCHA logo icon.
- **`hideFooter`**: Hides the "ALTCHA" attribution link.
- **`validationMessage`**: Custom validation message for the HTML5 `setCustomValidity` API.
### Floating Widget Settings
- **`floatingAnchor`**: The element or CSS selector the floating UI attaches to. Defaults to the first submit button.
- **`floatingPlacement`**: Preferred position relative to the anchor (`'auto'`, `'bottom'`, or `'top'`).
- **`floatingOffset`**: Vertical offset in pixels between the UI and its anchor. (Default: `12`)
- **`floatingPersist`**: Whether the floating widget remains visible after successful verification.
- **`popoverPlacement`**: Preferred position of popovers relative to the widget (`'auto'`, `'bottom'`, or `'top'`).
### Modal & Challenge Settings
- **`codeChallengeDisplay`**: UI layout for the code-challenge modal (`'standard'`, `'overlay'`, or `'bottomsheet'`).
- **`overlayContent`**: CSS selector for an element to be mirrored inside the overlay modal.
- **`audioChallengeLanguage`**: Forces a specific language for audio-based challenges.
- **`disableAutoFocus`**: Prevents the code-challenge modal from stealing focus when opened.
### Advanced & Debugging
- **`debug`**: Enables verbose logging in the browser console.
- **`test`**: Mocks a successful verification for testing environments.
- **`mockError`**: Forces the widget into a failed state for UI testing.
- **`fetch`**: A custom `fetch` implementation for network requests.
- **`humanInteractionSignature`**: Whether the collector for HIS is enabled (Default: `true`).
- **`setCookie`**: When configured, sends the payload as a cookie.
- **`timeout`**: Verification timeout in milliseconds (Default: `90_000`).
- **`verifyFunction`**: A custom verification handler that overrides default network verification.
## Algorithms
ALTCHA supports multiple proof-of-work algorithms. `PBKDF2/*` and `SHA-*` are bundled with the main widget by default. `Argon2` and `Scrypt` are memory-bound algorithms that resist hardware acceleration (ASICs/GPUs) but require importing their workers separately.
**Supported algorithms:**
- `PBKDF2/SHA-256` (default, bundled)
- `PBKDF2/SHA-384` (bundled)
- `PBKDF2/SHA-512` (bundled)
- `SHA-256` (bundled)
- `SHA-384` (bundled)
- `SHA-512` (bundled)
- `ARGON2ID` (requires separate worker import)
- `SCRYPT` (requires separate worker import)
If you use `Argon2` or `Scrypt`, import their workers and register them via the `$altcha.algorithms` global before the widget initializes.
### Adding Argon2 / Scrypt Workers (Vite)
Works with both `altcha` and `altcha/external`:
```ts
import 'altcha'; // or 'altcha/external'
import Argon2idWorker from 'altcha/workers/argon2id?worker';
import ScryptWorker from 'altcha/workers/scrypt?worker';
$altcha.algorithms.set('ARGON2ID', () => new Argon2idWorker());
$altcha.algorithms.set('SCRYPT', () => new ScryptWorker());
```
### Without Bundler Worker Import Support
If your environment does not support `?worker` imports, load the prebuilt worker files directly:
```ts
import 'altcha';
$altcha.algorithms.set(
'ARGON2ID',
() => new Worker('/path/to/node_modules/altcha/dist/workers/argon2id.js')
);
$altcha.algorithms.set(
'SCRYPT',
() => new Worker('/path/to/node_modules/altcha/dist/workers/scrypt.js')
);
```
### Using `altcha/external`
`altcha/external` excludes all bundled workers, requiring you to register every algorithm explicitly. Use this for full control over which workers are loaded:
```ts
import 'altcha/external';
import Argon2idWorker from 'altcha/workers/argon2id?worker';
import Pbkdf2Worker from 'altcha/workers/pbkdf2?worker';
import ScryptWorker from 'altcha/workers/scrypt?worker';
import ShaWorker from 'altcha/workers/sha?worker';
$altcha.algorithms.set('PBKDF2/SHA-256', () => new Pbkdf2Worker());
$altcha.algorithms.set('PBKDF2/SHA-384', () => new Pbkdf2Worker());
$altcha.algorithms.set('PBKDF2/SHA-512', () => new Pbkdf2Worker());
$altcha.algorithms.set('SHA-256', () => new ShaWorker());
$altcha.algorithms.set('SHA-384', () => new ShaWorker());
$altcha.algorithms.set('SHA-512', () => new ShaWorker());
$altcha.algorithms.set('ARGON2ID', () => new Argon2idWorker());
$altcha.algorithms.set('SCRYPT', () => new ScryptWorker());
```
## Cookies
By default, the widget sends the ALTCHA payload as a form field by creating a hidden input. It can also be configured to send the payload via a cookie.
To enable this behavior, use the `setCookie` configuration option:
```ts
widget.configure({
setCookie: {
name: 'altcha',
path: '/'
}
});
```
`setCookie` accepts the following cookie options:
```ts
interface SetCookieOptions {
domain?: string;
name?: string;
maxAge?: number;
path?: string;
sameSite?: string;
secure?: boolean;
}
```
## Server Configuration
When the widget fetches a challenge from the server, the server can override widget configuration using either the `X-Altcha-Config` response header or the `configuration` property in the challenge response.
Example using the `configuration` property in the challenge JSON response to force cookie usage:
```json
{
"configuration": {
"setCookie": {
"name": "altcha",
"path": "/submit"
}
},
"parameters": {},
"signature": "..."
}
```
The `X-Altcha-Config` header must contain a JSON-encoded object with configuration options.
## Internationalization (i18n)
ALTCHA supports **50+ languages**. You can import individual language translations or a bundle that includes all of them.
### Importing Translations
To import all translations:
```js
import 'altcha/i18n/all';
```
To import specific languages only:
```js
import 'altcha/i18n/de';
import 'altcha/i18n/fr-fr';
```
Alternatively, you can import the combined bundle, which includes both the widget and all translations:
```js
import 'altcha/i18n';
```
### Language Detection
The widget automatically detects the language from:
- The `<html lang="...">` attribute
- The user's browser settings (`navigator.languages`)
To override the language manually, use the `language` attribute:
```html
<altcha-widget language="de"></altcha-widget>
```
### Customizing Translations
You can override default translations by updating the global `$altcha` registry (`globalThis.$altcha.i18n`):
```js
import 'altcha/i18n/de';
$altcha.i18n.set('de', {
...$altcha.i18n.get('de'),
label: 'Ich bin ein Mensch' // Custom label
});
```
## Code Challenges
For additional verification, ALTCHA supports **image/audio code challenges** (e.g., "Enter the code from the image"). This feature requires [ALTCHA Sentinel](https://altcha.org/docs/v2/sentinel) or a custom server implementation.
## Data Obfuscation
[Data obfuscation]() is supported via an official plugin, which must be imported alongside the widget. This is ideal for protecting sensitive information, such as email addresses, from scrapers until the challenge is solved.
To obfuscate data, run:
```sh
npx altcha-lib obfuscate [data]
```
### Programmatic Usage
The plugin exports `ObfuscationPlugin` with static methods `obfuscate` and `deobfuscate` for manual data handling:
```ts
import { ObfuscationPlugin } from 'altcha/plugins/obfuscation';
const obfuscatedData = await ObfuscationPlugin.obfuscate('mailto:hello@example.com');
```
### Widget Integration
To use the plugin with the widget, ensure `altcha/plugins/obfuscation` is imported before the main library. Use the `data-obfuscated` attribute to provide the Base64-encoded payload:
```html
<script>
import 'altcha/plugins/obfuscation';
import 'altcha';
</script>
<altcha-widget data-obfuscated="${obfuscatedData}" display="floating"></altcha-widget>
```
## Methods
- `configure(options)` - Configures the widget with the given options. See Configuration options above.
- `getConfiguration()` - Returns the current configuration.
- `getState()` - Returns the current `state` of the widget.
- `show()` - Displays the widget (used in some display modes).
- `hide()` - Hides the widget (used in some display modes).
- `reset(state?, err?)` - Resets the internal `state`, optionally with an error.
- `setState(state, err?)` - Manually sets the specified `state`, optionally with an error.
- `updateUI()` - Force UI update or reposition, for example for the floating display mode.
- `verify()` - Initiates the verification process.
## Events
- **codechallenge** - Triggers when code-challenge verification is requested.
- **expired** - Triggers when the challenge expires.
- **load** - Triggers when the widget loads. The exported methods become available after this event.
- **outofmemory** - Triggers when an Out-Of-Memory error is received (Argon2 and Scrypt only).
- **serververification** -Triggers upon a server verification.
- **statechange** - Triggers whenever an internal `state` changes.
- **verified** - Triggers when the challenge is verified.
```ts
enum State {
CODE = 'code',
ERROR = 'error',
VERIFIED = 'verified',
VERIFYING = 'verifying',
UNVERIFIED = 'unverified',
EXPIRED = 'expired'
}
```
Using events:
```js
document.querySelector('altcha-widget').addEventListener('statechange', (ev) => {
// See enum State above
console.log('state:', ev.detail.state);
});
```
> [!IMPORTANT]
> Both programmatic configuration and event listeners have to called/attached after the ALTCHA script loads, such as within `window.addEventListener('load', ...)`.
## Contributing
See [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) and please follow our [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/altcha-org/altcha/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).
## License
MIT